The hubble constant is redefined, providing an alternative cause for redshifting of photon. We show that the opacity of suspended graphene is defined solely by the fine structure constant, a e2hc 17 where c is the speed of light, the parameter that describes coupling between light and relativistic electrons and that is traditionally associated with quantum electrodynamics rather than materials science. New determination of the fine structure constant from the electron g value and qed g. The fine structure constant holds a special place among cult numbers. The fine structure constant and interpretations of quantum. Reflections on the finestructure constant the economist. In physics, the finestructure constant, also known as sommerfelds constant, commonly. On the fine structure constant physical meaning, hadronic journal, vol. Fine structure in spectra due to spinorbit interaction. It is the coupling constant or measure of the strength of. Symmetries of finestructure constant 637 very soon a beautiful theory was found by p. The problem of a composite constant the fine structure constant. This multiple peak provides further evidence that this exact photon energy.
The number of terms needed in the truncation will depend on the number of terms required for the desired approximations. Other articles where finestructure constant is discussed. Biman nath is an astrophysicist at the raman research institute, bengaluru. Thus it is reasonable to speculate that a tangential velocitydependent change in the coulomb potential might be given in terms of the fine structure constant. In figure 5, the green markers signify the fine structure constant reciprocal of 7. Explanation of the fine structure of the spectral lines of. The constants of nature are among the things you just do not want to mess with. It is the coupling constant or measure of the strength of the electromagnetic force that governs how electrically charged elementary particles e. We analyse these exoteric attitudes and describe the myths regarding.
Space is a superconductor, where photons have mass. Flambaum school of physics, university of new south wales, unsw sydney nsw 2052, australia abstract. Finestructure constant an overview sciencedirect topics. Odom1, 1lyman laboratory, harvard university, cambridge, massachusetts 028, usa 2laboratory for elementaryparticle physics, cornell university, ithaca, new york, 14853, usa 3theoretical physics laboratory, riken, wako, saitama, japan 3510198. Fundamental physics and the fine structure constant. Twin concept of fine structure constant as the self. The inverse finestructure coupling constant is only equal to 1 at low energies or small momentum transfers, whereas for very high energies it. The fine structure constant is one of the fundamental constants in nature, just like the speed of light or plancks constant. It is a dimensionless quantity related to the elementary charge e, which. Finestructure constant definition of finestructure. The velocity of light c has the dimensionless value a.
Wolfgang pauli was influenced by carl jung and the platonism of arnold sommerfeld, who introduced the fine structure constant. In the second paper, i tore apart the fine structure constant defining equations, showing how they were overwritten and redundant. Ze2 r, 1 we have the n2fold degeneracy of states with the same principal quantum number, or 2n2fold once the spin degrees of freedom is included. In an earlier article, the fine structure constant was also interpreted in terms of the golden ratio. Topological quantization in units of the fine structure.
Although the fine structure constant is one of the best determined numbers in physics, the reason why nature selects the particular value. Box 961, manhattan beach, ca 90267, usa received 10 october 2011, accepted 7 december 2011, published 17 january 2012 abstract. Pdf finestructure constant from golden ratio geometry. Part ii 164 name of god, the modified tetragram, which is already and naturally the representation of the 10 sephiroth in bahir 2, 14. New determination of the fine structure constant from the. Fine structure constant from golden ratio geometry michael a. Sherbon case western reserve university alumnus email. Indications of a spatial variation of the fine structure constant pdf. A possible explanation is offered for the longstanding mystery surrounding the meaning of the fine structure constant.
Golden ratio based fine structure constant and rydberg. Does the fine structure constant vary with time and distance. We dont really have a compelling theory on its origin, nor a mechanism that explains its value. Bahcall institute for advanced study, olden lane, princeton, nj 08540 and charles l. The fine structure constant and numerical alchemy abstract we comment on past and more recent efforts to derive a formula yielding the fine structure constant in terms of integers and transcendent numbers. Each j multiplet has states with quantum numbers j,mj.
Steinhardt and david schlegel department of astrophysical sciences, princeton university, peyton hall, princeton, nj 08544 received 2003 march 15. The fine structure constant is a mathematical idealization from the conformal world, but we can get arbitrary good approximations by using truncated versions. The fine structure constant and interpretations of quantum mechanics ke xiao. Here experimental data on wavelengths of hydrogen spectral lines have been used to evaluate the rydberg constant, fine structure constant and sommerfelds relativity factor and are all shown to be simple functions of the golden ratio. The fine structure constant michael atiyah forlily. Arnold sommerfeld introduced the finestructure constant that determines the strength of the electromagnetic interaction. Related by four fundamental constants, a precise determination of. Finestructure constant definition is a dimensionless constant that is a measure of the strength of electromagnetic interactions of subatomic particles and that has an approximate value of 0. It is the reason why sommerfeld called it as fine structure constant.
We comment on past and more recent efforts to derive a formula yielding the fine structure constant in terms of integers and transcendent numbers. Measurement of the finestructure constant as a test of. The fine structure energy corrections can be obtained by using perturbation theory. Solving the mystery of the fine structure constant vixra. In physics, the finestructure constant, also known as sommerfelds constant, commonly denoted by.
From the exponential function of eulers equation to the geometry of a fundamental form, a calculation of the finestructure constant and its. The word beautiful in physics means that theory has a symmetry. The theory gives rise to sommerfelds formula containing dimensionless parameter. Following sommerfeld, wolfgang pauli left several clues to calculating the finestructure constant with his research on johannes. Paulis vision of a world clock is related to the symbolic form of the emerald tablet of hermes and platos geometric. The fine structure constant biman nath keywords atomic structure, quantum mechanics, fine structure constant. Sherbon case western reserve university alumnus, united states corresponding author email. Arnold sommerfeld introduced the fine structure constant into physics in the. Fundamental physics and the fine structure constant michael a. From the exponential function of eulers equation to the geometry of a fundamental form, a calculation of the finestructure constant and its relationship to the protonelectron mass ratio is given. Fundamental criticism of fine structure constant evolution. It is in a way that the first letter is the letter yod, the second is a.