Indications of a spatial variation of the fine structure constant pdf. We analyse these exoteric attitudes and describe the myths regarding. Finestructure constant definition of finestructure. The fine structure constant holds a special place among cult numbers. Pdf finestructure constant from golden ratio geometry. Solving the mystery of the fine structure constant vixra. From the exponential function of eulers equation to the geometry of a fundamental form, a calculation of the finestructure constant and its relationship to the protonelectron mass ratio is given. A new theoretical derivation of the fine structure constant. The hubble constant is redefined, providing an alternative cause for redshifting of photon. It is the reason why sommerfeld called it as fine structure constant. The word beautiful in physics means that theory has a symmetry. Following sommerfeld, wolfgang pauli left several clues to calculating the finestructure constant with his research on johannes. Reflections on the finestructure constant the economist.
It is the coupling constant or measure of the strength of the electromagnetic force that governs how electrically charged elementary particles e. The number of terms needed in the truncation will depend on the number of terms required for the desired approximations. Sherbon case western reserve university alumnus, united states corresponding author email. The fine structure constant and numerical alchemy abstract we comment on past and more recent efforts to derive a formula yielding the fine structure constant in terms of integers and transcendent numbers. Ze2 r, 1 we have the n2fold degeneracy of states with the same principal quantum number, or 2n2fold once the spin degrees of freedom is included. Here experimental data on wavelengths of hydrogen spectral lines have been used to evaluate the rydberg constant, fine structure constant and sommerfelds relativity factor and are all shown to be simple functions of the golden ratio.
Finestructure constant definition is a dimensionless constant that is a measure of the strength of electromagnetic interactions of subatomic particles and that has an approximate value of 0. The fine structure constant biman nath keywords atomic structure, quantum mechanics, fine structure constant. We show that the opacity of suspended graphene is defined solely by the fine structure constant, a e2hc 17 where c is the speed of light, the parameter that describes coupling between light and relativistic electrons and that is traditionally associated with quantum electrodynamics rather than materials science. New determination of the fine structure constant from the. The paper discusses some unusual interpretations of the fine structure constant fsc taking into account of our earlier results and the concept of undetached observer introduced by pauli. The scale of the fine structure splitting relative to the gross structure energies is on the order of z. Space is a superconductor, where photons have mass. Fine structure constant defines visual transparency of graphene by nair et al materials and methods fabrication of graphene membranes large graphene crystals were prepared by micromechanical cleavage of natural graphite. Fine structure constant from golden ratio geometry michael a. A possible explanation is offered for the longstanding mystery surrounding the meaning of the fine structure constant. Measurement of the finestructure constant as a test of. Bahcall institute for advanced study, olden lane, princeton, nj 08540 and charles l. In figure 5, the green markers signify the fine structure constant reciprocal of 7.
It is in a way that the first letter is the letter yod, the second is a. Arnold sommerfeld introduced the fine structure constant into physics in the. Flambaum school of physics, university of new south wales, unsw sydney nsw 2052, australia abstract. Thus it is reasonable to speculate that a tangential velocitydependent change in the coulomb potential might be given in terms of the fine structure constant. We dont really have a compelling theory on its origin, nor a mechanism that explains its value. The fine structure constant is a mathematical idealization from the conformal world, but we can get arbitrary good approximations by using truncated versions. Each j multiplet has states with quantum numbers j,mj. The theory gives rise to sommerfelds formula containing dimensionless parameter. Explanation of the fine structure of the spectral lines of. Fundamental physics and the fine structure constant michael a.
The constants of nature are among the things you just do not want to mess with. Arnold sommerfeld introduced the finestructure constant that determines the strength of the electromagnetic interaction. Paulis vision of a world clock is related to the symbolic form of the emerald tablet of hermes and platos geometric. The fine structure constant michael atiyah forlily. Odom1, 1lyman laboratory, harvard university, cambridge, massachusetts 028, usa 2laboratory for elementaryparticle physics, cornell university, ithaca, new york, 14853, usa 3theoretical physics laboratory, riken, wako, saitama, japan 3510198. Fine structure constant defines visual transparency of. Fine structure in spectra due to spinorbit interaction. Pdf fundamental nature of the finestructure constant.
In physics, the finestructure constant, also known as sommerfelds constant, commonly. The fine structure constant is one of the fundamental constants in nature, just like the speed of light or plancks constant. New determination of the fine structure constant from the electron g value and qed g. We comment on past and more recent efforts to derive a formula yielding the fine structure constant in terms of integers and transcendent numbers. In physics, the finestructure constant, also known as sommerfelds constant, commonly denoted by. Part ii 164 name of god, the modified tetragram, which is already and naturally the representation of the 10 sephiroth in bahir 2, 14. Fundamental criticism of fine structure constant evolution. The fine structure energy corrections can be obtained by using perturbation theory.
The fine structure constant and interpretations of quantum. It is a dimensionless quantity related to the elementary charge e, which. Biman nath is an astrophysicist at the raman research institute, bengaluru. Golden ratio based fine structure constant and rydberg. Topological quantization in units of the fine structure. Theories unifying gravity and other interactions predict spatial and temporal variation of physical constants in the universe. Twin concept of fine structure constant as the self. The fine structure constant and interpretations of quantum mechanics ke xiao.
It is the coupling constant or measure of the strength of. In the second paper, i tore apart the fine structure constant defining equations, showing how they were overwritten and redundant. From the exponential function of eulers equation to the geometry of a fundamental form, a calculation of the finestructure constant and its. The velocity of light c has the dimensionless value a. Although the fine structure constant is one of the best determined numbers in physics, the reason why nature selects the particular value. In an earlier article, the fine structure constant was also interpreted in terms of the golden ratio. On the fine structure constant physical meaning, hadronic journal, vol. The problem of a composite constant the fine structure constant. The inverse finestructure coupling constant is only equal to 1 at low energies or small momentum transfers, whereas for very high energies it.
Fundamental physics and the fine structure constant. Box 961, manhattan beach, ca 90267, usa received 10 october 2011, accepted 7 december 2011, published 17 january 2012 abstract. Symmetries of finestructure constant 637 very soon a beautiful theory was found by p. Sherbon case western reserve university alumnus email. Steinhardt and david schlegel department of astrophysical sciences, princeton university, peyton hall, princeton, nj 08544 received 2003 march 15. If the universe was not fine tuned reflections on the finestructure constant. This multiple peak provides further evidence that this exact photon energy.